Name: Heartland Naturals Multi Vitamin for Dogs
Brand: Heartland Naturals
SKU: 589545

Ingredients & minerals

Canola Oil

PUFA oxidation instability, potential processing contaminants in refined oil

Vegetable Oil

High omega-6 fatty acid content, oxidative instability, potential for lipid peroxidation, excess dietary intake associated with weight gain

Fish Oil Concentrate

Oxidation instability causing rancidity, possible heavy metal contamination, contamination with persistent organic pollutants

Vegetable Flavor

Lack of ingredient transparency, possible use of solvents or synthetic chemicals, potential irritant or allergen, ultra-processed ingredient

Soy Lecithin

Potential estrogenic effects, hexane solvent residues from processing, allergenicity for soy-sensitive individuals

Ferrous sulfate

Gastrointestinal irritation, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, risk of iron overdose especially in children

Copper Sulfate

Potential toxicity at high doses, gastrointestinal irritation, liver and kidney damage with chronic exposure, not recommended for direct human supplementation without medical oversight

Folic acid

Excessive intake may mask vitamin B12 deficiency effects, potential for unmetabolized folic acid accumulation

Sorbic Acid

Irritation at high concentrations, potential sensitizer in some individuals

Silicon dioxide

Minor inhalation risk in powder form, generally low toxicity

Calcium phosphate

Provides bioavailable calcium and phosphate, supports bone mineralization and metabolic processes

Maltodextrin

Provides quick source of glucose for energy, improves texture and stability in food products

Water

Universal solvent, supports hydration and formulation stability

Citric acid

Acidity regulator, preservative, enhances flavor balance

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride

Supports energy metabolism, neurological function, and red blood cell production

Calcium Sulfate

Used as firming agent and coagulant in food production

Dried Citrus Pulp

Source of dietary fiber and nutrients, can aid in digestion in animal feed context

Inositol

Supports cell signaling pathways, considered safe as a dietary component

Oat Flour

Source of dietary fiber, beta-glucans, supports blood glucose control, contributes to satiety

Brewer's Dried Yeast

Rich source of B-vitamins, high protein content, source of minerals such as selenium and chromium, potential cholesterol-lowering effects

Glycerin

Moisturizing agent, humectant properties, enhances texture in formulations

Rye Flour

Source of dietary fiber, nutrients including B vitamins and minerals, may support digestive health

Arabic Gum

Dietary fiber source, stabilizes emulsions, thickening and texture enhancer in foods

Calcium Carbonate

Source of calcium essential for bone health, used as antacid to neutralize stomach acid

L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate

Source of vitamin C, antioxidant properties, supports collagen synthesis

Sodium alginate

Effective thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food formulations, improves texture and shelf-life

Vitamin E Supplement

Antioxidant activity, supports immune function, protects cells from oxidative damage

DL-Methionine

Essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis, methylation reactions, antioxidant support via precursor to glutathione

Vitamin B12 Supplement

Prevents and treats vitamin B12 deficiency, supports neurological function, aids red blood cell production

Zinc sulfate

Essential trace mineral for immune function, enzyme activity, wound healing

Niacinamide

Supports skin barrier integrity, improves skin appearance, essential nutrient

D-Calcium Pantothenate

Supports energy metabolism, involved in synthesis of coenzyme A, important for skin and hair health

Mixed Tocopherols

Antioxidant properties, prevents oxidation and rancidity, preserves product stability

Rosemary extract

Antioxidant properties that help preserve product freshness, natural preservative substitute

Propionic Acid

Antimicrobial preservative, extends shelf life by preventing mold and bacterial growth

Manganese sulfate

Essential trace mineral, supports enzyme function, antioxidant defense, bone development, and metabolism

Riboflavin

Essential nutrient, supports energy metabolism

Magnesium oxide

Provides bioavailable magnesium essential for enzymatic reactions, supports bone health, and neutralizes stomach acid

Vitamin B5 Supplement

Supports energy metabolism, aids synthesis of fatty acids and coenzyme A, essential nutrient

Sodium selenite

Essential trace element for antioxidant enzymes and thyroid function

Thiamine Mononitrate

Essential nutrient for energy metabolism, supports nervous system function

Biotin

Supports energy metabolism, coenzyme for key metabolic pathways

Potassium Chloride

Electrolyte balance maintenance, potassium supplementation, blood pressure regulation support

Calcium Iodate

Provides essential iodine, supports thyroid hormone synthesis

Vitamin D Supplement

Supports bone mineralization, enhances immune response, prevents rickets and osteomalacia