Thickeners

Ultra-processed, possible gut irritation (with some types, e.g., carrageenan), potential microbiome disruption, limited nutritional value, possible allergic reactions

Capers

Rich in antioxidants, source of flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), potential anti-inflammatory effects, micronutrients

Salt

Essential electrolyte, supports nerve transmission, aids fluid balance

Tomato Purée 26%

Rich in lycopene antioxidant, provides flavor and color

Black Olive Pieces

Source of monounsaturated fats, provides flavor and texture, contains polyphenols with antioxidant properties

Garlic powder

Flavor enhancer, source of organosulfur compounds with antioxidant properties, may support cardiovascular health aspects

Onion powder

Provides flavor, source of sulfur compounds and antioxidants

Parsley

Source of antioxidants, vitamins A, C, and K, may support antioxidant intake

Chilli

Flavor enhancement, may stimulate digestion

Black Pepper

Enhances flavor, contains piperine which may increase bioavailability of some nutrients

Sardines

High-quality protein source, rich in omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), vitamins D and B12, calcium from edible bones

Water

Hydration, solvent for ingredients, essential for life

Olive oil

Rich source of monounsaturated fats, antioxidant content, supports cardiovascular health at typical dietary intake

Sundried Tomatoes

Spirit Vinegar

Preservative properties, flavor enhancement, antimicrobial effects in foods