Ice

Potential contamination if made from impure water, mild dental sensitivity

High Fructose Corn Syrup

3 risks

A sweetener derived from corn starch that contains varying amounts of fructose and glucose.

Natural and Artificial Flavors

Lack of transparency, potential presence of chemical solvents or preservatives, ultra-processed, possible allergen or sensitizer

Potassium sorbate

Skin and eye irritation, potential allergen or sensitizer in some individuals, mild respiratory irritation possible

Artificial Color

Potential allergenicity, possible hyperactivity in children, regulatory restrictions on specific dyes

Water

Non-toxic, inert solvent, safe for all uses, environmentally benign

Coffee Concentrate

Cocoa

Contains antioxidants (flavanols), contributes to flavor, may support cardiovascular health at moderate intake

Sodium Benzoate

Effective antimicrobial preservative, prevents spoilage and extends freshness

Salt

Essential electrolyte, supports nerve transmission, aids fluid balance

Sodium citrate

Regulates acidity, stabilizes pH in formulations, improves taste and shelf life, used as anticoagulant in medical settings

Citric acid

Natural pH adjuster, effective chelating agent, biodegradable, enhances cleaning efficacy by binding metal ions