Refined Wheat Flour

High glycemic index, low dietary fiber, potential overconsumption linked to weight gain and metabolic disturbances

Palm Oil

High saturated fat content, associated with cardiovascular risk when consumed in excess, environmental concerns not assessed here

Wheat Starch

Gluten contamination risk, potential allergen for individuals with celiac disease or wheat allergy

Sunflowerseed Oil

High omega-6 content leading to inflammation, oxidative instability, potential contribution to chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders

Nature-Identical Flavouring Substances (Hazelnut)

Possible allergenicity, lack of transparency, potential solvents or processing residues, ultra-processed ingredient

Refined Salseed Fat

Oxidative instability due to PUFA content, ingestion toxicity if adulterated or improperly refined, potential for process contaminants depending on refining methods

Sugar

Source of quick energy, enhances taste

Skimmed milk powder

Source of high-quality protein, calcium, vitamin B12, supports bone health

Hazelnuts

Source of healthy fats, dietary fiber, vitamins (E, B), minerals (magnesium, copper), antioxidants

Palmolein Oil

Stable cooking oil with moderate oxidative stability, calorie source, contains vitamin E (tocotrienols)

Low fat cocoa powder

Rich source of antioxidants (polyphenols), provides chocolate flavor without high fat content, low calorie compared to full-fat cocoa, potential cardiovascular benefits from flavonoids

Whey Protein Concentrate

High-quality protein source, supports muscle synthesis and repair

Lecithin

Effective emulsification, generally recognized as safe, supports texture and stability in products

Barley Malt Extract Powder

Provides natural sweetness, source of some vitamins and minerals, contains antioxidants and may have prebiotic effects

Raising Agents

Improved texture in baked goods, aids leavening process

Iodized Salt